Results suggest that agencies wishing to encourage improvements in water management practices should implement policies that reduce the initial cost of sprinkler systems, while permitting farmers to choose the best combination of irrigation methods. The fixed and variable costs of using sprinklers and siphon tubes are examined, and the potential improvements in crop yield that may be achieved when using sprinklers, to determine the economic rationale for these decisions. However, most farmers continued using siphon tubes for summer irrigations on both crops. Many farmers in the region began using sprinklers for pre-irrigating cotton fields and for early irrigations on tomatoes, in response to reductions in water supply and rising water prices, during 1990 through 1994. This paper examines the economic rationale for using sprinklers for initial irrigation events, while using siphon tubes for remaining irrigations on the same crop, using cost data and descriptive information from an irrigation district on the west side of California's San Joaquin Valley. The different simulation results, thus, suggest that the developed model can be successfully used as a tool for hydraulic simulation of canal network. Further, comparison of the model simulated stage and discharge with that of the HEC-RAS model showed that the results of both the models are almost identical. Comparison of simulated and observed discharges at the tail regulator of the Right Bank Main Canal of Kangsabati Irrigation Project showed that the model performs satisfactorily for most of the irrigation events. Accuracy and numerical stability of the model tested using the mass conservation test and test with ramp discharge as inflow hydrograph, indicated that the model performs satisfactorily. For entering and editing canal network description and boundary conditions, including different hydraulic parameters and displaying the results, a user friendly graphical user interface has been provided.
It also allows computation of gate opening for a given full supply level and discharge at the cross-regulator and offtaking points, respectively. The model is capable of handling different hydraulic structures such as weirs, sluice gate, drops/falls, pipe outlet, and imposed discharge. The different boundary conditions that can be modeled are discharge hydrograph at the source node(s) and stage hydrograph, rating curve, uniform flow, and discharge hydrograph at the terminus node(s).
The model is applicable for simulating flow in a series of linearly connected reaches, and branched as well as looped canal networks. The model uses the implicit four-point Preissmann scheme for discretization of the Saint-Venant equations and solves the resulting equations using the sparse matrix solution technique.
This paper presents a hydraulic simulation model developed for steady and unsteady flow simulation in irrigation canal network. Hydraulic simulation models offer unlimited opportunities for improving the performance of the irrigation systems by studying the flow behavior in a large and complex canal network under a variety of design and management scenarios.
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